HM Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3461 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Does the Company Educate its Consumers or Does it Serve a Unique Market Segment? ABSTRACT In the current retailing market, Hennes and Mauritz AB (HM) remains a unique phenomenon in part due to the observable difference in the behavior of the companys customers. This study evaluates two theories attempting to explain the deviation in HM customers behaviour-patterns. The first theory suggests that the customers behaviour is attitude-bound and learned-taught through the customer-company interaction. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "HM Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order The second theory argues that HM customers belong to a genuinely unique market segment. The researcher surveyed 160 shoppers at HM and one of the department stores and used a grounded-theory approach to analyse the data. The results substantiated the first theory claiming that shopping behaviours were taught and learned. The study had an important practical value. However, its results were subject to l reliability and validity threats; thus, further research would be required to confirm the findings. I. INTRODUCTION The issues of consumer relationships have been the focus of marketing research inquiries for at least a century. In the last decade, with the discovery of organizational core competences, relationship knowledge experienced a new wave of research interest and was named among the leading strategic powers of an organization (Hamel Prahalad 1994, pp. 3-5; Bergenhenegouwen et al. 1986, p. 29). Hennes and Mauritz AB (HM) stands out in its respective market largely because of the companys unique and innovative approach to serving its customers. Moreover, the company is frequently cited for its ability to create customer needs rather than address the existing market requests (Kumar 1997, p. 834). As an intangible attribute of the companys market activities, the companys relationship knowledge is invisible to the observer; therefore, HM customer relations cannot be analysed directly (Petts 1997, p. 551). However, it is possible to explore this attribute indirectly through its effec t on HM consumers. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate HM consumers shopping-behaviour patterns and to compare them to the behaviour of department-store shoppers. The outcomes of the comparison were expected to explain the foundation of HMs consumer-relationship strategy as aimed at changing their consumers behaviour or at serving a pre-defined market segment. To introduce the reader to the topic, the second chapter of this paper offers an overview of the company as well as a summary of the relevant theories. The third chapter describes the methodology utilized in the study. Chapters IV and V present and discuss the findings while the conclusion overviews the process to evaluate the practical and theoretical utility of the presented research. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Company overview HM is a clothing retailer with its operations primarily set in Europe, North America, and Asia (Datamonitor 2006, p. 4). The company is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden and employs 68,000 workers in more than 1,500 outlets worldwide (Datamonitor 2006, p. 4). HMs strategic approach is to offer designer clothes to general population at affordable prices; the company works with such brand names as Stella McCartney, Karl Lagerfeld, and Roberto Cavalli (Capell Beucke 2005, p. 16; Kroll 2004, p. 71; Zimmerman 2009, p. D1). HM builds its strengths by operating through complementary retail channels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" stores, Internet, and catalogues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in several geographic locations and by offering a balanced product mix, which appeals to a number of customer audiences (Datamonitor 2006, p. 5). However, currently, the company faces the threat of decreasing retail sales in Eurozone amplified by strong competition from Target and Wal-Mart (Datamonitor 2006, pp. 6- 7). HM Consumer Relations According to Kumar, the new age of retailing is characterized by the changing relationships between retailers and their customers (1997, pp. 834-835). More specifically, HM belongs to a group of retailers, which learned how to drive the market by driving the consumers behaviours instead of being driven by them (Kumar 1997, p. 834). Kumar argues that by adopting EDLP (everyday low pricing) strategy, HM teaches fashion buyers to not wait for department-store sales but rather buy HM low-price brand-name products (1997, p. 834). Raugust expands the discussion to claim that, in addition to the prices, HM changes customers behaviour by creating a thrilling shopping experience (2004, p. S10). The company renews its store inventory daily; therefore, even the customers who come to the store every day can expect to discover new deals on each shopping trip (Raugust 2004, p. S10). Thus, HM manages to keep their stores intriguing for its customers and to make them return more often tha n they would otherwise. Both media and empirical research observe behaviourist differences in HM consumers. However, potentially, there are two explanations for the mentioned deviation. First, as suggested by Kumar, HM strategy might persuade the consumers to adopt new behaviours. Second, HM customers might belong to a different consumer segment characterized by unique behaviours; they choose HM because it is a better fit for their needs. Currently, there is no research that reliably supports one or the other hypothesis. Shopping-Behaviour Theories According to Smith and Lux, current knowledge of how consumers behave in the market place predominantly consists of unrelated still photos depicting consumers at isolated times and places (1993, p. 607). Bass and Talarzyk argue that there are strong causal relationships between attitudes, brand preference, and purchasing behaviour (1972, p. 93). Therefore, the attitudinal trends might serve as the link between the consumers past, present, and forecasted behaviours and be the key to explaining these behaviours. Moreover, if attitude modification is proven to affect the behaviour then HM is, in fact, able to transform its consumers behaviours by altering their attitudes toward shopping. In contrast with Bass and Talarzyk, Bower and Christensen claim that by offering new disruptive approach to shopping, companies like HM create value proposition for a different and less-demanding group of consumers (1995, p. 43). These consumers feel over-served by the traditional department s tore; they cannot adopt mainstream shopping behaviours and, thus, prefer not to shop at all (Christensen Raynor 2003, pp. 10-12). By creating the environment in which shopping is simpler but more exciting, HM bring these unique group of consumers back to the market (Christensen Raynor 2003, pp. 10-12). There is one key difference between the attitude-bounded behaviour theory and the disruptive-technology theory. The former claims that consumers change their behaviour as related to one area of their activities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" e.g. apparel shopping à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" while adhering to mainstream behaviours in other areas: e.g. grocery or house-ware shopping (Kumar 1997, p. 834). Contrary to that, the disruptive-technology theory argues that consumers attracted by HM belong to a genially different segment and display the same behaviourist patterns regardless of the product/service, for which they shop (Christensen Raynor 2003, pp. 10-12). The empirical support of one or the other claim will establish the validity of the respective theory. Study Problem Statement The problem addressed in this study is the lack of theoretical consensus on the deviations in the behaviour of HM customers. The researcher believes that this study has significant implications in the field of management as it investigates the validity of Kumars argument (1997, p. 834). The study explores whether HM teaches its customers to adopt new attitudes and behaviours or whether Kumars observation is a market illusion and HM is attracting consumers characterized by existing shopping-behaviour patterns. If proven right, either of the hypotheses would influence both the theory and practice of strategic marketing in the retail sector. III. METHOD Purpose Statement The purpose of this study was to explore if the   behaviour of HM customers is different from the behaviour of department store customers when shopping for goods other than clothes. Research Questions 1. Does the shopping behaviour of HM customers differ from the behaviour of department-store consumers when shopping for beauty products? 2. Does the shopping behaviour of HM customers differ from the behaviour of department-store consumers when shopping for home dÃÆ' ©cor and house-wear? 3. Does the shopping behaviour of HM customers differ from the behaviour of department-store consumers when shopping for clothes? 4. Does the shopping behaviour of HM customers differ from the behaviour of department-store consumers when shopping for grocery and food? Study Design, Procedures, and Timelines The data collection for this study was performed with a help of a paper-based survey. The researcher approached potential respondents while they were shopping at HM and a selected department store and invited them to participate in the survey. Those who agreed were given the survey, a pen, and the necessary instructions. While attempting to increase the likelihood of the respondents taking the survey, the researcher used an attractive design for the questionnaire (Robson 1993, pp. 5-15). The data collection stage of the study lasted for one week: March 9-15, 2009. It was followed by two weeks of data coding and four more weeks of data analysis. The choice in favour of a paper-based face-to-face survey was dictated by two factors. First, the populations were physically available for a face-to-face survey while the access to the populations contact information would be restricted (Alreck Settle 2004, pp. 15-22). Second, this method was highly effective in terms of the outco me for the monetary and time inputs (Miles Huberman 1994, p. 28). Population and Sample The population under study was all the consumers, who shopped at HM regardless of the frequency of their shopping trips or the amount spent on purchases. The population was inclusive of both genders and all age groups. The shoppers at one selected department store served as a control population for the purposes of comparative analysis of the studied populations behaviour patterns. This study was categorized as marketing rather than empirical; therefore, the size of the sample was estimated at 160 participants. This number allowed the researcher to expect a liberal degree of confidence at 80% and a relatively large sampling error of 10% (Birchall, https://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=23Itemid=1). The researcher chose a convenience sampling technique: the participants of the study were recruited among the volunteers, who shopped at HM and the department store during the week of March 9-15 and who agreed to take the survey (Miles Hube rman 1994, p. 28). By selecting the research sites à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" HM and the department store à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the researcher attempted to ensure that the participants had the experience relevant to the study: they had shopped at both stores at least once (Creswell 2007, p. 128). Data Collection Instrument All the participants of the study were offered to take the same questionnaire regardless of their shopping destination. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: theme questions and demographic questions. There were four themes: shopping for cloth, beauty products, grocery, and housekeeping products. The instrument had two identical questions for each theme: 1) how often do you shop for a theme product during an average month and 2) on average, what amount do you spend on a shopping trip. The answers to the first question were measured on a four-point Likert-type scale: 1 (once or twice a month), 2 (once a week), 3 (two-three times a week), 4 (every day). The second question was open-ended. The group of demographic questions inquired on the respondents gender, age, employment status, and combined household income. The respondents gender was defined as male or female. The questions about age and household income were open-ended. The employment-status question had six possibl e answers: employed part-time, employed full-time, unemployed, retired, student, and housekeeper. Study Limitations Despite of the researchers desire to conduct an extensive investigation, the study had to remain within a realistic framework established by its purposes as well as external forces. The problem of access to the population affected the studys data collection activities by limiting the variability of research sites (Homan 2001, p. 329). The data was collected at one HM outlet and one department store, which permitted the surveying of their customers (Wanat 2008, p. 195). In addition, the research was limited by internal boundaries set by the researcher (Counelis 2000, p. 58). Considering the resources assigned to this study, the researcher limited the geographic location of the research populations to one specific city and the period of data collection to one week. Ethical Concerns Several ethical concerns had to be addressed as the study progressed. First, the author had to ensure the anonymity of the participants (American Psychologist 1992, p. 1598). Any unfavourable remarks might have resulted in the disruption of the customers relationships with HM or the participating department store. Therefore, the researcher restrained from collecting any identifiable information and reported the data in aggregate (American Psychologist 1992, p. 1598). Next, the author had to preserve the confidentiality of the participating department store to prevent the negative effect of the consumers statements and the findings of the study on the stores business reputation (American Psychologist 1992, pp. 1599-1600). The author omitted the name of the store throughout the study report The next ethical area was the voluntary participation in the study (American Psychologist 1992, pp. 1599-1600). To ensure the participants voluntarism, prior to giving the respondents the questionnaire, the researcher explained to them their right to refuse to answer any question or to exit the study at any point (American Psychologist 1992, pp. 1599-1600). Finally, the study was based on the assumption that HM was a successful retailer and the goal of the researcher was to confirm that assumption. Nevertheless, the researcher strived to provide unbiased data, which could be reliably applied in the field of marketing and management (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.21). IV. FINDINGS The goal of the study was to contribute to reducing the theoretical gap in understanding consumer behaviour. The aims and expected outcomes of the study justified the researchers choice to analyse the data from the grounded theory perspective (Creswell 2007, p. 10). This approach is used to explore large groups of people and to develop an abstract framework, which can be expanded into a theory (Creswell 2007, p. 10). The data analysis was performed as a series of t-tests comparing HM and department store shoppers in each theme question separately (Field 2005, p. 125). The relationships between the respondents demographics and their shopping behaviour were analysed through three types of correlations: for both respondents groups together, HM consumers separately, and department store consumers separately (Field 2005, p. 107). There were no statistically significant difference between HM and department store consumers on their behaviour related to shopping for grocery/food and home dÃÆ' ©cor. However, the behaviour of these two groups was statistically significantly different when they shopped for clothes and beauty products (p0.5). HM consumers were shopping almost twice more often than the department store customers; moreover, the former spend more per each shopping trip than the latter. There were no statistically significant correlation between the respondents demographics and their shopping behaviour for any of the groups. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the difference in shopping behaviour was not due to demographic differences within the groups of respondents. Overall, HM customers had proven to deviate from the mainstream shopping behaviours when they shop for clothes and beauty products but they continue to adhere to the traditional behaviours when shopping for other types of goods. Considering similar roles of beauty products and clothes in peoples life, the findings support Kumars theory that shopping behaviour c an be taught to the consumers by their retailers. V. DISCUSSION This research is subject to several threats to reliability and validity. First, by choosing to study a convenience sample and by limiting the number/location of sites, the researcher introduced a selection bias (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.17). This threat is induced by convenience and volunteer samples, which members might not be representative of the overall populations (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.17). Related to the selection bias, the convenience sample causes low generalizability of the findings (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.30). This threat is common to most of the studies and is often a trade-off for the freedom from researcher bias (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.30). Next, the results might be affected by the matching bias (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.22). The researcher chose the study and control populations based on the assumption of existing similarities between the two. However, this assumption might be wrong; and the populations could be genuinely different. Finally, the study could be a subject to temporal validity in a case if the consumers preference of HM was due to the effect of economic downturn (Onwuegbuzie 2000, p.31). To evaluate this threat, the researcher would need to replicate the study after the current recession is over. Despite the threats listed above, this study has a practical utility because it contributes to bridging the theoretical gap in understanding the deviations of HM consumers behaviour (Kumar 1997, p. 834). However, to result in an actual addition to the field of knowledge, the study has to be replicated on a different (random) sample and in a more favourable economic context (Gordon Brown 2004, p. 3). VI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, effective relationships with the customers are a strong competitive advantage of a retailer because they allow a company to obtain first-hand information about the changes in the consumers needs. They help the company modify its offer in a timely manner and more successfully than its uninformed competitors. The outcomes of this study confirm the theory suggesting that the company could be an active agent in its relationships with the customers. Moreover, it can educate its customers and induce their behaviour-change instead of passively reacting to the change that happens naturally. This is a revolutionary thought, which can transform the balance of powers in retailing and lead to dramatic changes in the field of strategic marketing. However, even though this study confirms the hypothesis, suggested by the theory, the research findings are subject to several threats challenging their validity. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a longitudinal study and repli cate the survey several times with several different populations. If this series of surveys produces positive outcomes, the theory can be transformed into practical models applicable to strategic marketing. VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY Alreck, P. L. Settle, R. B. (2004, 3rd ed.) The survey research handbook. Irwin: McGraw-Hill. Bass, F. M. and Talarzyk, W. W. (1972) An Attitude Model for the Study of Brand Preference, Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 9 Issue 1, pp. 93-96. Bergenhenegouwen, G. J. et al. (1986)  « Competence Development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Challenge for HRM Professionals: Core Competences of Organizations as Guidelines for the Development of Employees, Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 29-35. Birchall, J. Sampling and Samples Written by Joan Birchall from Rainbow Research. Retrieved on April 28, 2009, from https://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=23Itemid=1 Bower, J. L. and Christensen, C. M. (1995) Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave, Harvard Business Review, vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 43-53. Capell, K. and Beucke, D. (2005, June 6) Attention Frugal Fashionistas, Business Week, Issue 3936, p. 16. Christen sen, C. M. and Raynor, M. E. (2003) The Innovators Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth. New York: Harvard Business School Press. Counelis, J. S. (2000) Generic Research Design in the Study of Education: A Systemic Typology, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, No. 17, pp. 51-63. Creswell, J. W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Datamonitor (2008, September 1) HM Hennes and Mauritz: Company Profile. London: Charles House. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (1992) American Psychologist, vol. 47, December, pp. 1597-1611. Field, A. (2005) Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: Sage. Gordon, W. A. and Brown, M. (2004) Building Research Capacity: the Role of Partnerships. Retrieved on April 28, 2009, from https://www.foundationforpmr.org/summit/Gordon%20Partnerships%20Paper.doc. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C. K. (1994) Competing for the Future. Boston: Harvard Business School Pr ess. Homan, R. (2001) The Principle of Assumed Consent: The Ethics of Gatekeeping, Journal of Philosophy of Education, vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 329-343. Kroll, B. (2004) Designer Dresses for Less, Time, vol. 164, Issue 4, p. 71. Kumar, N. (1997) The Revolution in Retailing: from Market Driven to Market Driving, Long Range Planning, vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 830-835. Miles, M. and Huberman, A. M. (1994) Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2000) Expanding the Framework of Internal and External Validity in Quantitative Research, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Educational Research (AAER), Ponte Vedra, FL, November 21, pp. 1-61. Petts, N. (1997) Building Growth on Core Competences: A Practical Approach, Long Range Planning, vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 551-561. Raugust, K. (2004) Hennes and Mauritz, Advertising Age, vol. 75, Issue 44, p. S10. Robson C. (1993) Real World Research: a Resource for Social S cientists and Practitioner-Researchers, Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA: Blackwell. Smith, R. A. and Lux, D. S (1993) Historical Method in Consumer Research: Developing Causal Explanations of Change, Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 19, pp. 595-610. Wanat, C. L. (2008) Getting Past the Gatekeepers: the Difference between Access and Cooperation in Public School Research, Field Methods, vol. 20, Issue 2, May, pp. 195-199. Zimmerman, A. (2009, April 21) Do Discount Designer Duds Make The Grade? Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition, vol. 253, Issue 92, pp. D1-D7.

Advertising and Promotion - 2827 Words

Theoretical Understanding and Practical Application Of Advertising and Promotion in Business  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ Theoretical Understanding and Practical Application Of Advertising and Promotion in Business Submitted by: ( Name) ID No. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Programme Title: Edexcel BTEC HND Certificate in Business (QCF) Year: 2013/2014 Unit Title: Advertising and Promotion in Business Unit No Unit Code: Unit 5, Y/601/1000 Assignment No: 01 Level: Level 4 - HNC Deliverer: Mr Richard Assessors: Dr. Brian –†¦show more content†¦Creative agencies Creative agencies specialize in creative or design-based business models and are also known as a creative boutique. Their basic interest is in the creation of the advertisement or branding. Other (full-service) agencies offer design in conjunction with media buying. Media agencies concentrate on media buying. 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In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay Free Essays

string(50) " they will fix an environmental assessment study\." Recently brownfield sites have become popular due to the serious lack in the figure of greenfield infinites on manus for development. This is more outstanding in the built up countries where the demand for residential and commercial belongings is elevated. In 2008 the UK set a mark for brownfield developments. We will write a custom essay sample on In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 60 % of all new houses were to be built on brownfield sites. Records show that we have already exceeded that mark and with the rate that we are repossessing brownfield sites at present we should significantly raise that per centum over the coming decennary. The utilizations for brownfield sites are non restricted to residential and commercial edifices. They are frequently considered for renovation into unfastened infinites for diversion, forest and assorted other community related countries. Reclaiming brownfield sites is at the bosom of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy. This â€Å" Development Strategy † incorporates an extended aggregation of economic, societal and environmental aims. Brownfield renovation cleans up environmental wellness jeopardies and eyesores and in making so it promotes community growing and regeneration. Managed efficaciously as a sustainable renovation strategy, Brownfield sites provide low-cost lodging, promote economic growing through locally sourced stuffs fostering local concern ‘ and trades, protect local wildlife and supply environmentally safe countries for households to bask. Furthermore, renovation of brownfield sites can give an country a make-over and can assist direct a message to the vicinity bespeaking the importance of saving and recycling. 2.0 Brownfield Land Redevelopment Steps Now that the land has been chosen for the proposed development, a big athleticss Centre within a little town in Scotland, it is of import to set up whether or non the Brownfield site in inquiry is suited for such a development. The proposed site will affect the destruction of an bing edifice. Therefore all planning Torahs must be adhered to and the local planning governments must be notified in composing sketching the purposes for the proposed site. This is of import as particular licenses are required to repossess Brownfield sites. There are a figure of trials and surveies that must be carried out in order to obtain the needed information to find the extent of the decontamination steps required to fix the site. 2.1 Demolition and Recycling Existing Building On-Site In order to maximize the sustainability of the development it is of import to place, separate and extinguish all risky stuffs from the dismantled waste. Furthermore any recyclables such as masonry debris and other stuffs should be extracted from the destruction waste and can be used in the concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. This promotes sustainable development by lending to the authorities sustainability aims of prudent usage of natural resources and protection of the environment. Using low embodied edifice stuffs reduces the CO2 emanations during the building procedure and besides has a positive consequence on the cost of the full undertaking as less waste is sent to expensive landfill. There are a figure of companies within the UK that specialise in building and destruction waste recycling and disposal. These companies work closely with â€Å" Site Waste Management Plans † guaranting that merely risky stuffs are disposed of and everything recyclable is reused. 2.2 Designation of Hazardous Materials A big figure of stuffs are involved in any physique, hence, when a edifice is being demolished it is of import to place these risky stuffs and dispose of them safely so that they do non go a danger to anybody else in the hereafter. The edifice on the proposed site is a 150 twelvemonth old derelict masonry edifice. The bing edifice is to be demolished and any suited recyclables are to be used in building the new athleticss Centre and any concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. In order to place the assorted stuffs it is of import to set a sorting program in topographic point. This will guarantee merely reclaimable stuffs get reused and all risky stuffs are disposed of suitably. The history of the edifice plays a cardinal portion in the types of risky stuffs that can be expected to be found within the edifice. From the period the edifice was built a appropriately qualified professional can reason that the edifice shell itself will lend assorted risky stuffs to the list for safe disposal. These are likely to include asbestos, insularity stuffs, froths incorporating CFC ‘s ( Chlorofluorocarbons ) that are harmful to the O-Zone bed, roofing felts and bitumen. An applied scientist will besides look into the infinite within the edifice to find what risky stuffs may hold been associated with the assorted utilizations of the edifice. The derelict edifice in inquiry was originally used as a fabric mill and subsequently a furniture mill. This would bespeak that risky stuffs such as varnishes, gums, sealers, resin-based floorings and wood treated with chemicals or preservatives may be present from that period of the edifices life-time. In recent decennaries the edifice was used as a truck fix store. This might propose that there may be some taint from oil or lubricators, crude oil and any spillage from auto / truck batteries. It is really of import to prove for the presence of these substances and more as placing the presence of risky stuff is the first measure to decontaminating the site. 2.3 Further Probe Following probe into the edifice to be demolished, trials must be carried out on the status of the dirt around the site. It is of import to observe that all Brownfield site renovations come manus in manus with rigorous environmental issues. As a consequence it is recommended that an suitably experient environmental adviser is used. The environmental adviser will hold background cognition of Brownfield developments and will adequately look into any environmental hazards. First they will set about a desk top reappraisal of the proposed site by garnering all historical information available. This may associate to former quarrying or landfill in the country. Second they will fix an environmental assessment study. You read "In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay" in category "Essay examples" Contained within this study will be the consequences from extended proving for risky compounds within the dirt, land H2O and surface H2O. If the findings of the study are positive and support renovation on the site, the following measure is redress and riddance of risky stuffs. 2.4 Remediation / Elimination of Hazardous Materials Now that the assorted risky stuffs have been identified, it is clip to categorise and split them so that they can be safely disposed of. This is what ‘s known as redress. The destruction of the edifice itself should be the concluding measure when uncluttering the site. Initially the edifice should be stripped down with careful consideration given to how each stuff is classed and whether it can be recycled or disposed of. This includes all loose stuff, fixtures, adjustments, Windowss, doors, warming and electrical systems and roofing. Once this has been categorized and divided all that should be left is the edifice skeleton and foundations for safe destruction Up until a few old ages ago redress of Brownfield sites was an expensive procedure. However, recent new redress engineerings have emerged and are cheaper than the more traditional methods. They include: Bioremediation – This utilises the natural procedures of autochthonal bacteriums, micro-organisms, workss, enzymes and Fungis to destruct or neutralize toxins and contaminations. Phytoremediation – This procedure uses workss. The can hive away contaminations in their foliages and roots ( bioaccumulation ) . Some contaminations such as heavy metals can be harvested and mined for reuse ( phytomining ) . In-situ Chemical Oxidation – This procedure injects O or chemical oxidizers into the contaminated dirt or H2O to destruct harmful compounds. 2.5 Recycling Masonry Rubble With a undertaking like this there is serious demand for concrete / asphalt and pavings around the development. Fortunately with the destruction of the bing derelict masonry edifice, a batch of the demands can be met utilizing recycled masonry debris from the bing edifice. When utilizing recycled masonry debris from destructions such as this it is of import to guarantee that the debris is free from contaminations. Once this is done, the debris is so graded into sums. This is a simple procedure that involves sieve like machines that vibrate, dividing the assorted sized sums and roll uping them with aggregative stuff of similar sizes. The sums can so be used in assorted locations around the site depending on their size and categorization. It is of import to observe that the quality of recycled masonry rubble meets the demand for usage in building roads. Strenuous proving and categorising is required on the sums that are intended for concrete usage within the edifice in order to guarantee the consistence is sufficient. Lightweight sum does non run into demands for usage as a secondary concrete sum as the bulk of masonry stuffs are excessively soft and will adversely impact the strength of concrete merchandises. 2.6 Access Roads and Pavements The bing edifice will hold a figure of entree roads already in topographic point. These roads will hold to be excavated and in maintaining with the sustainable design of the proposed edifice and usage of recycle stuffs in the new physique it is merely suiting that the excavated asphalt should besides be recycled and form portion of the new entree roads and pavings around the site. The industry of asphalt it a really energy expensive procedure as the stuffs involved must be heated to really high temperatures in order to blend together. Therefore, the usage of recycled asphalt for route toppings around the site will hold a cost benefit to the undertaking every bit good as a positive impact on the environment. 3.0 Proposed Sports Centre Complex The proposed athleticss Centre will be built utilizing low embodied, recycled stuffs where possible paying peculiar attending to the energy public presentation of the edifice. The edifice design will take inactive solar warming into consideration with cleverly positioned Windowss and landscaping throughout the site supplying equal shelter from the elements during the winter months. Sourcing stuffs locally cuts down on conveyance costs over big distances. This automatically reduces C emanations and besides supports the local industry guaranting occupations and community growing. This will be a cardinal constituent in the sustainable edifice of the proposed athleticss Centre. 3.1 Foundations The best foundation for the proposed athleticss Centre is a raft foundation. Due to the size and graduated table of the proposed physique a raft foundation will let the weight of the edifice to be transferred to the land over a greater country and besides provide a degree surface for which to construct upon. It is of import that there is equal steel support in the concrete to battle land motion. When the recycled masonry debris is graded into sums, some of these sums will be suited for usage in the concrete raft foundation. Recycled concrete sums can replace up to 20 % of virgin sum in concrete within the commissariats set out in BS 8500-2. 3.2 Structural Framing / Building Skeleton The most efficient manner to construct the proposed athleticss Centre edifice is utilizing a steel framed building. The steel construction would run into the spacial demands of the chief athleticss hall, high ceilings with long spans and column free infinite to suit an indoor football pitch or hoops tribunal. Recycled steel would be appropriate here as steel can be used infinite times with no negative affects to its strength or public presentation. 3.3 Wall Build-Up Once the foundations and steel construction are in topographic point it is clip to believe about the external wall construct up. Given the intended usage of the athleticss hall it is of import to utilize a stuff that will non merely be sustainable in its building and difficult erosion but besides have an acoustic quality as the noise generated within the athleticss hall when it ‘s occupied will be of an elevated nature and could interrupt the environing populace. There is a broad array of merchandises available such as concrete blocks with 50 % coarse sums replaced with plastic while still supplying equal strenght but all things considered, I would propose an aerated concrete block. These are among the most environmentally friendly edifice merchandises available. They are formed from recycled stuffs. One of which is Pulverised Fuel Ash ( PFA ) , this is an ineluctable byproduct of the coal-burning power coevals procedure which is usually stockpiled in immense unsightly hills or is dumped at sea. Further heightening the sustainability of this merchandise is the fact that no stuff goes to blow, anything left over when a batch is made automatically goes into the following mix. Besides due to the lightweight of the stuff, more can be loaded onto a individual lorry cut downing the CO2 emanations produced in conveyance and rushing up building. The pit should be 100mm partly filled with natural wool insularity or a similar sanctioned natural insularity or recycled insularity system. The external face of the edifice should be clad with recycled bricks tied back to the internal foliage with acoustically approved wall ties. 3.4 Floor Build-Up Each country of the athleticss Centre will necessitate a different finish depending on the proposed usage. The response for case will necessitate to supply a warm and welcoming atmosphere, this can be achieved utilizing rug. Recycled rug is available, this is formed from recycled stuff such as plastic, wool, cotton or nylon and laid on a recycled gum elastic carpet pad. The gum elastic could be derived from any scrap Surs staying on the site from the truck fix store. The changing suites will necessitate a difficult floor which is imperviable to H2O. Many green options are available such as recycled ceramic floor tiles and eco-friendly gum elastic floor tiles. A survey should be undertaken of the concern ‘ in the country in order to make up one’s mind which stuff is easiest to obtain with the chase of sustainability in head. If there is a prey nearby it might be an thought to look into rock as a possible stuff for the flooring in difficult have oning countries. Stone has a natural, dateless beauty and a feeling of solid quality which is difficult to fit with any other type of stuff. Unfortunately due to the costs associated with rock it may non be a plausible stuff as it is by no means the cheapest type of shocking to put in or keep. The flooring in the athleticss hall is a specific type of shocking stuff. It has a figure of functional demands associated with it. It must be lasting, smooth and somewhat soft to forestall serious hurt. An ideal surface therefore, would be a gum elastic based surface which can be formed from any bit tyres found on the site. This is a cost good procedure as it is a sustainable usage for the waste gum elastic intending it is non necessary to pay for the safe disposal of the fresh Surs. The recycled gum elastic surface should so sit on some stiff insularity such as woodwool, mineral./rock wool or expanded or extruded polystyrene to increase the thermic public presentation. 3.5 Roof Construction For the proposed athletics Centre I would propose a green roof. A ‘Green Roof ‘ is a roof that has a vegetated covering planted over a waterproofing membrane. The roof consists of assorted beds, each with its ain map. The assorted beds cater for drainage, wet, root protection and filtering. Green roofs have many benefits over traditional or conventional roofs. They offer a longer roof life span, increased acoustic public presentation, improved thermic public presentation in the winter and heat shielding in the summer and as they are populating organisms they retain and store 90 % of rain and storm H2O and return it to the ambiance by agencies of vaporization. 3.6 Energy Performance of the Building A cardinal characteristic of this edifice is the inordinate usage of recycled and sustainable stuffs in the building. This has a positive consequence on the environment guaranting minimum CO2 emanations are generated in the industry of the stuffs. This is an admirable pattern and it sends a clear message to developers that the usage of recyclables can hold good executions for both the undertaking budget and besides the environment. It is of import to keep this aim throughout the edifices life-time. This can be done by implementing micro renewable engineerings during the building procedure. A edifice of this graduated table is frequently associated with big energy measures. With the monetary values of oil escalating and the UK ‘s dependence on fossil fuels at a extremum, it is critical that this edifice incorporates as many micro renewable engineerings as possible in order to drive the running costs down to a manageable degree. I would strongly propose the usage of solar photovoltaic cells ( PV ) and wind turbines to bring forth electricity along with wood fuelled boilers ( biomass ) connected to a cardinal warming system as the most relevant micro coevals engineerings that a edifice of this nature could profit from. 4.0 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems 4.1 Introduction to Suds Sustainable urban drainage systems are a new environmentally friendly manner of covering with surface H2O run-off. Traditional drainage strategies lead to deluging, cause pollution and are by and large more expensive to put in. Surface H2O no longer has the chance to soak into the land, alternatively it is collected in a web of pipes along with any contaminations such as oil, solid affair or toxic metals it may pick up along the manner and it is discharged into the nearest rivers or watercourses. Sustainable urban drainage systems replicate natural drainage methods. Water run-off is collected and stored to let natural cleansing to happen prior to infiltration or controlled release to watercourses. As a consequence they prevent pollution, control implosion therapy, recharge land H2O in the natural H2O tabular array and heighten the environment. There are for chief design options. These are: Filter Strips and Swales Filter Drains and Permeable Surfaces Infiltration Devicess Basins and Ponds It is of import to observe that depending on the needed public presentation of the sustainable urban drainage system, a combination of two or more design options may necessitate to be incorporated in order to accomplish a suited drainage solution. 4.2 Filter Strips and Swales Filter strips and swales are vegetated surface characteristics that drain H2O equally off impermeable countries. Swales are long shallow channels whilst filter strips are gently inclining countries of land. 4.3 Filter Drains and Permeable Surfaces Filter drains and permeable surfaces are devices that have a volume of permeable stuff below land to hive away surface H2O. Water run-off flows to a storage country via a permeable surface such as gravelled paving countries or solid pavement blocks with spreads between the single units. When the H2O falls it passes through the surface to the permeable fill in the filter drain. This so allows the storage, intervention, conveyance and infiltration of the H2O ensuing in clean uncontaminated H2O being returned to land. 4.4 Infiltration Devicess Infiltration devices drain H2O straight into the land. They may be used either at beginning or instead the overflow can be conveyed in a pipe or swale to the infiltration country. They include soakaways, infiltration trenches and infiltration basins every bit good as swales, filter drains and pools. Infiltration devices can be integrated into and organize portion of the landscaped countries. 4.5 Basins and Ponds Basins and pools store H2O at the land surface, either as impermanent implosion therapy of dry basins and inundation fields, or lasting pools. These constructions can be designed to pull off H2O measure and quality. 4.6 Benefits of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems There are a figure of benefits to put ining a sustainable drainage system as opposed to a traditional / conventional system. For illustration the cost of linking to ramp cloacas and public drains is avoided and care is simple and inexpensive. Care can be carried out by landscaping contractors without the demand of skilled applied scientists and heavy machinery. When clean filtrated H2O is distributed back to the site it gives the natural flora a opportunity to boom and can make a really pleasant environment for everyone to bask. 4.7 Proposed Sustainable Urban Drainage System A athleticss Centre will necessitate a figure of difficult surfaces to provide for auto parking. I would propose utilizing solid pavement blocks for the surface in the auto parking countries. A spread must be left between each block leting H2O to filtrate through to an under the surface storage drain which runs to a designated country such as a vegetated or green country. This rainfall run-off safeguard must be implemented in the initial design phase. I would besides propose soak holes / soakaways around the site to filtrate any H2O collected in downpipes around the edifice. With the current clime that we live in it has to be expected that significant rain will fall each twelvemonth. As such, a well designed sustainable drainage system can understate implosion therapy and any incommodiousness that may be caused during times of high rain autumn. 5.0 Decision The purpose of the brief for this study was to critically analyse and measure the possibilities of renovation on a brownfield site with the destruction of an bing derelict masonry industrial edifice and the building of a new athleticss Centre using as many of the recycled stuffs from the destruction as possible. I approached this undertaking somewhat blind with my basic cognition of brownfield renovation. After researching the subject further I discovered all the environmental benefits environing brownfield renovation. With the worsening handiness of greenfield sites and the turning demand for lodging and community growing, brownfield renovation has got to be at the top of the list where possible in order to continue what natural countries are left. Furthermore edifice on brownfield sites removes unsightly and frequently unsafe creaky edifices and gives local countries a opportunity to renew and make a new image. Decontaminating brownfield sites in a specialized undertaking but the remotion of risky stuffs makes it a safer environment for all concerned. Fortunately new techniques for redress of contaminated sites have made it cheaper. This can be appetising for possible developers looking to spread out their belongings portfolio and as a consequence it can hold a knock on consequence within a community bring forthing occupations and concern for local trade. The brief stated that stuffs from the destruction of the bing masonry industrial edifice must be recycled and used in the building of the new athletics Centre. When the list of stuffs that could be recycled in the bing edifice was broken down, it was found that about everything could lend in some manner to the new physique. This impacts on the budget for the undertaking and in maintaining with the UK ‘s C emanation decrease marks later cuts down on any CO2 emanations that would hold been produced in the industry of virgin stuff. The usage of micro-technologies would suit in good with the overall thought of a athleticss Centre as in my sentiment a athleticss Centre implies wellness and wellbeing which can be related back to the footings â€Å" clean † and â€Å" green energy † associated with these methods and the environment. The execution of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems permits the safe return of clean irrigated H2O back to the dirt. The benefits of cost and minimum care entirely speak for themselves. With four chief design options available I feel it is of import to include at least one system as a drainage solution on sites such as this within little towns in order to continue the local wildlife and let flora to boom free from H2O pollution. All in all I feel that this undertaking were it to be undertake would be really executable. Most of the costs for would come from decontaminating the site. The physique itself would turn out to be cheaper with recycled stuffs already available on-site and given the nature of the proposed athleticss Centre I would non anticipate any issues with the local community as it will supply a safe location for kids and grownups likewise to hang out. The sustainable nature of the proposed physique besides indicates that this edifice is encompassing programs to travel frontward into a greener hereafter and it may put a case in point for future green development within the country. 6.0 Mentions Brown, G. , ( 24th September 2007 ) . Gordon Browns First Speech to the Labour Conference as Party Leader. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7010664.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Biomass. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/biomass/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Ground Source Heat Pumps. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/ground/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar PV. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solarpv/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar Hot Water. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solartherm/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Small Scale Hydro. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/hydro/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Wind Turbines. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/wind/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. The Environment – Waste and Recycling – What Happens to Waste – Construction Waste. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/construction/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Kelly, R. , ( 13th September 2006 ) . â€Å" Zero-Carbon † Homes Plan Unveiled. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6176229.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Transport, Local Government and The Regions – Issue 11. Making Zero-Carbon Communities. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Transport, % 20Local % 20Government % 20and % 20the % 20Regions A ; id=293 A ; content_name=Social % 20Housing % 20and % 20Construction % 20incorporating % 20The % 20Carbon % 20Challenge A ; article=8879 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ] Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Cardinal Government – Issue 15. Meeting the Challenge. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Central % 20Government A ; id=287 A ; content_name=Sustainable % 20Housing % 20and % 20Regeneration A ; article=8680 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ] New Forest Passage, ( October 2009 ) . Interesting in Generating Your Own Energy? . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newforesttransition.org/index.php? /archives/2009/10/12.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] Sheffield City Council. Sustainable Housing – Code For Sustainable Homes. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sheffield.gov.uk/ ? pgid=67894 A ; fs=b [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ] Sustainable Build. Types of Construction, Wood Frame Construction. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ConstructionWoodFrame.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ] How to cite In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay Example For Students

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens Essay Our third stimulus was a talk from a senior teacher in our school, who had previously spent many years working in an African school. Amongst the many things I learnt from him, perhaps the most vivid was the attitude presented towards intellectualism, and the desire to do well. The teacher explained how in Africa one must pay hefty fees in order to attend school and how only a few children are be funded by each village. This of course puts immense pressure upon pupils to do well academically, as it is anticipated they will go on to get a good job and return with money to their village. It is perhaps no wonder, that education is such an exciting thing to them and a huge privilege. The teacher talked of how some pupils were so eager to do well, that they rocketed, a term used for pupils who studied when they were meant to be sleeping. He even did the same to [emailprotected], a person who had edicated his life toward helping. When Magwitch finally revealed to him that he was Pip’s benefactor all Pip had to say was, â€Å"Oh, no, no, no†¦ Was there no one else! ’ †¦ Estella, Estella! † (522) All Pip cared about was himself and getting together with Estella. It was not until the loss of people very close to Pip, Magwitch and Miss. Havisham, that he began to realize that goodness does not come from material possessions, and social standing, but from inside a person. When Pip lost Magwitch, his eyes were opened and he realized how ignorant and selfish he had een to the people who cared for him. On the other hand, Joe, was pretty much the opposite of Pip in his satisfaction with life. Joe realized fully, the value of true goodness. He was completely satisfied with the way he lived and who he was. Joe did not have to learn this the hard way as Pip did, because Joe never had a problem with who he was. He never needed to be better or higher in society than he was, just to prove it to himself or for someone else. Joe even tries to help Pip feel more satisfied with his life by telling him that e is actually Very uncommon in many ways. â€Å"You’re oncommon small. Likewise you’re a oncommon scholar. † And he encourages him, â€Å"you must be a common scholar afore you can be a oncommon one,† (565) to help Pip through his times of low self-esteem- Joe is also very forgiving. Even with all the selfish ways Pip treated him when he was â€Å"a gentleman†, Joe still continued to carp. for and love Pip. When Pip was ill, Joe was by his side, and when Pip was in debt, Joe, even though he is not wealthy, pays off his bills for him. .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 , .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .postImageUrl , .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 , .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:hover , .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:visited , .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:active { border:0!important; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:active , .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7 .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41798e1ac0c62e07a5f365029f9ffcc7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: â€Å"Barbie Doll† And â€Å"La Migra† EssayThis frame of mind nd knowledge of true goodness leads to Joe living a very peaceful, pleasant, and satisfying life. In the book, Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, while some characters must find out that true goodness and character does not come from status or material possessions, but from just plain kindness, the hard way, there are those gentle more peaceful characters who realize the true value of goodness. It is obvious that those who realize this will lead better, more satisfying lives, and not have to figure it out for themselves the hard way.

Ufos Fact Or Myth Essays - Contactees, Travis Walton UFO Incident

Ufo's: Fact Or Myth? Deep Throat: A military UFO? Mr. Mulder, why are those like yourself, who believe in the existence of extra terrestrial life on this Earth, not dissuaded by all the evidence to the contrary? Mulder: Because, all the evidence to the contrary, is not entirely dissuasive. Deep Throat: Precisely. Mulder: They're here, aren't they? Deep Throat: Mr. Mulder, they've been here for a long, long time. Said on the hit show The X-Files. Writ. And prod. Chris Carter (FOX) Radars pick up strange signals everyday and some of the spacecraft are not recognizable. Are there strange crafts from outer space carrying little green men, or are they special government crafts, remained to be kept a secret? Maybe both. Who really knows for sure? UFO's, unidentified flying objects, are a curiosity to all of us, even if you don't believe they exist. UFO's first appeared over 103 years ago. (Andy 28) A craft apparently crashed into a windmill tower and exploded in Aurora, Texas. Some of the material that was recovered had strange hieroglyphic symbols on it. Since 1897, there have been thousands of sightings all over the world. From California to New Zealand and Sicily. The most famous crash in UFO history was the crash in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947, in which an Army base issued a press release saying it had found a flying disk. (Fox 48) There are about 500 residents who are still living who reportedly witnessed the alleged alien spacecraft crash in New Mexico. The Army originally said the Roswell incident was the result of a radar reflector from a weather balloon hitting the Earth. (Associated Press A.6) The government later admitted the explanation was false, but refused to say what had happened. Five bodies were removed from the craft and they were described as small with large heads with skin an orange/yellow color. The Army found strange debris which consisted of a foil like substance, balsa wood like beams, and a strange sort of string, which the sheep would not go near. (Andy 30) Forty-nine percent of the people polled in a current Life poll think that the U.S. Government is withholding information from the public about the existence of UFO's. (Fox 56) The U.S. Government has been trying to debunk any existence of UFO's. There have been hundreds of requests made by the government in order to learn more about these alleged UFO's, for instance, the Freedom of Information Act Requests, which have requested all documents pertaining to Unidentified Flying Objects or the UFO phenomenon and all documents pertaining to Unidentified Aerial Objects, or UAO's. (Greenwald 3) Have you ever had memory lapses? Strange markings on your body you've never seen before? You might have the symptoms of an alien abductee. Many psychiatrists think alien abduction is actually sleep paralysis, hundreds claim they've had experiences similar to alien abduction. (Fox 54) People who have actually claimed that they have been abducted, don't think that's always the case. On November 5, 1975, a group of loggers who were exploring the mountains of northern Arizona observed a strange, bright light in the sky. They drove closer, to take a closer look at the craft. One of the loggers, Travis Walton, got out of the truck and as he walked toward the object, he was struck by a beam of light. His friend, Mike Rogers, thought that he was dead and fled in fear. After driving for a short distance, the other workers in the truck forced him to go back and look for Travis. When they got there, there was no sign of the object or Travis. They reported the encounter to the police the next day and the police thought that they had made up the story to cover-up the murder of Travis Walton. For five days, the authorities mounted a manhunt in search of Travis or his body. The police requested that the men take a polygraph test to clear their names. The first test was inconclusive, but the second said that they were, in fact, telling the truth. (Kosmo 5) On November 10th, five days after the abduction, Travis's brother-in-law received a phone call from Travis and he went to pick him up a few miles outside of

History repeats itsself Essays

History repeats itsself Essays History repeats itsself Paper History repeats itsself Paper The most solemn humbug which does duty as a profound historical reflection is, that history repeats itself, a quote cyclic historians live by, having been their doctrine for over a century. This belief that our past directly influences the present and future is a way of life for some people; and is a very realistic belief. Through our past experiences, we as humans learn, grow, and develop Into creative beasts. When I was young, my life was crafted Into the masterpiece It Is today. In kindergarten, through the meticulous and crazy surroundings, my extreme sense of amour was crafted by my uncles. The memory In question was at a Christmas at my grandmas house, we had Just opened our presents, and I had gotten -a game which still holds the number one spot In my heart Crop: The Legend of the Gobos. Whilst the game was cutesy and fun In nature, my less than experienced uncles began playing it, and immediately starting raging. The language was. Colorful to say the least. I remember when I finally got my hands on the game, my uncles still encircling the faintly glowing green LED, awaiting for someone to finally beat the first couple of screens. I was finally handed the controller, and with my 5 year old vocabulary proceeded to berate the game. From calling the cutesy unreachable gobos potsherd, to calling the game a poop covered game, that language and love of attention was etched onto my psyche, forever being a part of my life. From small events such as overcoming a booboo, to the constant attention one received as a newborn; every event in our lives moulds us into the people we are today. Even though we may not believe in it, our past greatly influences our futures, much like cyclic historians view points.

Capital punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Capital punishment - Essay Example Those opposed to capital punishment do not believe that the government should be vested with the power to put any of its citizens to death. Opponents also maintain that the practice is racially biased, overtly costly and does not achieve the intended outcome. Historically speaking, the rational for punishing criminals has been to avenge the crime, to protect society by imprisoning the criminal, to deter that person and other potential offenders from the commission of crimes and to obtain reparations from the offender. Throughout the history of civilization, this rational has not changed substantially. The four fundamental reasons society punishes can be classified into two areas. One is to obtain desired consequences which includes protecting society, seeking compensation and deterrence. The other, retribution, or vengeance, involves punishment for a wrong perpetrated on society (Wolfgang, 1998). Those that subscribe to retribution as justification for the death penalty often invoke the Bible’s reference to ‘an eye for an eye.’ Aggression must be met with aggressive punishment (Olen & Barry, 1996: 268). â€Å"This use of punishment is society’s way of striking back at one who has disturbed the emotional and et hical senses of a people† (Lunden, 1967: 232). Interestingly, those that use the quote from the Old Testament to justify the use of the death penalty as moral either overlooked or ignored the passage in the New Testament where Jesus rebuffs this statement explicitly then reminds his followers to instead to ‘turn the other cheek.’ However, the ‘eye for an eye’ justification is still used by many today. Those that hold this view are certainly correct when they say that the death penalty insures that the criminal will not commit another crime against society. In addition to a vengeful act, the death penalty is the ultimate preventative measure (Olen &